HM-Bench is the first benchmark for MLLMs on hyperspectral images, showing models struggle with complex spatial-spectral reasoning and perform better with visual PCA images than textual reports.
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Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report
127 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
abstract
In this report, we introduce the Qwen2.5-Coder series, a significant upgrade from its predecessor, CodeQwen1.5. This series includes six models: Qwen2.5-Coder-(0.5B/1.5B/3B/7B/14B/32B). As a code-specific model, Qwen2.5-Coder is built upon the Qwen2.5 architecture and continues pretrained on a vast corpus of over 5.5 trillion tokens. Through meticulous data cleaning, scalable synthetic data generation, and balanced data mixing, Qwen2.5-Coder demonstrates impressive code generation capabilities while retaining general and math skills. These models have been evaluated on a wide range of code-related tasks, achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across more than 10 benchmarks, including code generation, completion, reasoning, and repair, consistently outperforming larger models of the same model size. We believe that the release of the Qwen2.5-Coder series will advance research in code intelligence and, with its permissive licensing, support wider adoption by developers in real-world applications.
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- abstract In this report, we introduce the Qwen2.5-Coder series, a significant upgrade from its predecessor, CodeQwen1.5. This series includes six models: Qwen2.5-Coder-(0.5B/1.5B/3B/7B/14B/32B). As a code-specific model, Qwen2.5-Coder is built upon the Qwen2.5 architecture and continues pretrained on a vast corpus of over 5.5 trillion tokens. Through meticulous data cleaning, scalable synthetic data generation, and balanced data mixing, Qwen2.5-Coder demonstrates impressive code generation capabilities while retaining general and math skills. These models have been evaluated on a wide range of code-rel
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representative citing papers
The first SoK on LLM-based AutoPT frameworks provides a six-dimension taxonomy of agent designs and a unified empirical benchmark evaluating 15 frameworks via over 10 billion tokens and 1,500 manually reviewed logs.
The authors create the first large-scale dataset and taxonomy of failure modes in multi-agent LLM systems to explain their limited performance gains.
HLS-Seek replaces full-synthesis RL with a comparative proxy reward model plus uncertainty-triggered real checks, yielding higher correctness and better QoR than larger models at 8.5x lower training cost.
Reward-Weighted On-Policy Distillation with an open property-equivalence verifier produces a 7B model that surpasses prior SOTA on NL-to-SVA generation across pass@1/5/10 metrics.
A parallel multi-turn medical dialogue dataset spanning English and nine Indic languages is created from synthetic consultations to enable personalized AI healthcare interactions.
PyRAG turns multi-hop reasoning into executable Python code over retrieval tools for explicit, verifiable step-by-step RAG.
VLMs show a resolution illusion on UHR Earth observation imagery where higher resolution does not improve micro-target perception; UHR-Micro benchmark and MAP-Agent address this via evidence-centered active inspection.
dGRPO merges outcome-based policy optimization with dense teacher guidance from on-policy distillation, yielding more stable long-context reasoning on the new LongBlocks synthetic dataset.
DGAO uses reinforcement learning to optimize LLMs for both accuracy and order stability by balancing intra-group accuracy advantages and inter-group stability advantages.
StepCodeReasoner aligns code reasoning with verifiable stepwise execution traces via print anchors and bi-level GRPO reinforcement learning, reaching SOTA results on CRUXEval (91.1%) and LiveCodeBench (86.5%) for a 7B model.
PlantMarkerBench supplies 5,550 literature sentences annotated for plant marker gene evidence validity and type across Arabidopsis, maize, rice and tomato, showing frontier LLMs handle direct expression evidence but struggle with functional, indirect and weak-support cases.
Malicious Skills induce coding agents to hallucinate and import attacker-controlled packages at high rates while evading detection.
Mean-pooled cosine similarity grows with sequence length in anisotropic transformer embeddings independent of content, while CKA shows far less length dependence across code, translation, and vision tasks.
Weblica scales RL training for visual web agents by building thousands of reproducible environments through HTTP caching for stable replays and LLM synthesis from real sites, yielding an 8B model that beats similar open baselines on navigation benchmarks.
Fine-tuned 7B LLMs generating unified diffs for neural architecture refinement achieve 66-75% valid rates and 64-66% mean first-epoch accuracy, outperforming full-generation baselines by large margins while cutting output length by 75-85%.
Stream-R1 improves distillation of autoregressive streaming video diffusion models by adaptively weighting supervision with a reward model at both rollout and per-pixel levels.
ARISE adds a data-flow-augmented repository graph and three-tier tool API to LLM agents, raising Function Recall@1 by 17 points, Line Recall@1 by 15 points, and Pass@1 repair rate to 22% on SWE-bench Lite.
LiveFMBench shows that direct LLM prompting for C program formal specs overestimates accuracy by ~20% due to unfaithful behaviors like deceiving provers, while agentic workflows help under low sampling but overall performance remains far below human-authored specs.
Structurally rich task descriptions make LLMs robust to prompt under-specification, and under-specification can enhance code correctness by disrupting misleading lexical or structural cues.
Orchid benchmark shows requirement ambiguity degrades LLM code generation performance across all models, with advanced models hit hardest, and LLMs rarely detect or resolve the ambiguity themselves.
A cascaded large-small model system generates edit sketches with the large model and applies them with the small model to make code editing both accurate and token-efficient.
LLM planners for robots often produce dangerous plans even when planning succeeds, with safety awareness staying flat as model scale improves planning ability.
TriMix dynamically fuses logits from three model sources to outperform baselines and Proxy Tuning on eight low-resource languages across four model families.
citing papers explorer
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StepCodeReasoner: Aligning Code Reasoning with Stepwise Execution Traces via Reinforcement Learning
StepCodeReasoner aligns code reasoning with verifiable stepwise execution traces via print anchors and bi-level GRPO reinforcement learning, reaching SOTA results on CRUXEval (91.1%) and LiveCodeBench (86.5%) for a 7B model.
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ARISE: A Repository-level Graph Representation and Toolset for Agentic Fault Localization and Program Repair
ARISE adds a data-flow-augmented repository graph and three-tier tool API to LLM agents, raising Function Recall@1 by 17 points, Line Recall@1 by 15 points, and Pass@1 repair rate to 22% on SWE-bench Lite.
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LiveFMBench: Unveiling the Power and Limits of Agentic Workflows in Specification Generation
LiveFMBench shows that direct LLM prompting for C program formal specs overestimates accuracy by ~20% due to unfaithful behaviors like deceiving provers, while agentic workflows help under low sampling but overall performance remains far below human-authored specs.
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When Prompt Under-Specification Improves Code Correctness: An Exploratory Study of Prompt Wording and Structure Effects on LLM-Based Code Generation
Structurally rich task descriptions make LLMs robust to prompt under-specification, and under-specification can enhance code correctness by disrupting misleading lexical or structural cues.
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Assessing the Impact of Requirement Ambiguity on LLM-based Function-Level Code Generation
Orchid benchmark shows requirement ambiguity degrades LLM code generation performance across all models, with advanced models hit hardest, and LLMs rarely detect or resolve the ambiguity themselves.
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Cascaded Code Editing: Large-Small Model Collaboration for Effective and Efficient Code Editing
A cascaded large-small model system generates edit sketches with the large model and applies them with the small model to make code editing both accurate and token-efficient.
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CodeSpecBench: Benchmarking LLMs for Executable Behavioral Specification Generation
CodeSpecBench shows LLMs achieve at most 20.2% pass rate on repository-level executable behavioral specification generation, revealing that strong code generation does not imply deep semantic understanding.
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AdverMCTS: Combating Pseudo-Correctness in Code Generation via Adversarial Monte Carlo Tree Search
AdverMCTS frames code generation as a minimax game where an attacker evolves tests to expose flaws in solver-generated code, yielding more robust outputs than static-test baselines.
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Can LLMs Deobfuscate Binary Code? A Systematic Analysis of Large Language Models into Pseudocode Deobfuscation
LLM deobfuscation of binaries to pseudocode depends more on reasoning ability and task-specific fine-tuning than on model size, with reasoning models showing robustness across ISAs and obfuscation levels on the new BinDeObfBench.
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An End-to-End Approach for Fixing Concurrency Bugs via SHB-Based Context Extractor
ConFixAgent repairs diverse concurrency bugs end-to-end by using Static Happens-Before graphs to extract relevant code context for LLMs, outperforming prior tools in benchmarks.
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An Iterative Test-and-Repair Framework for Competitive Code Generation
FixAudit improves LLM code generation on competitive programming benchmarks by training a shared model for iterative code-aware test generation and repair, achieving 35%+ gains in Pass@1 over baselines on the same 7B model.
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Evaluating the Environmental Impact of using SLMs and Prompt Engineering for Code Generation
Chain-of-Thought prompting balances high accuracy with low energy use in small language models for code generation, while multi-sampling strategies add high energy costs for small accuracy gains.
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Think Anywhere in Code Generation
Think-Anywhere lets LLMs invoke on-demand reasoning at any token during code generation via cold-start imitation followed by outcome-based RL, reaching state-of-the-art results on LeetCode, LiveCodeBench, HumanEval, and MBPP.
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Uncertainty Quantification for LLM-based Code Generation
RisCoSet applies multiple hypothesis testing to construct risk-controlling partial-program prediction sets for LLM code generation, achieving up to 24.5% less code removal than prior methods at equivalent risk levels.
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Schedule-and-Calibrate: Utility-Guided Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning for Code LLMs
ASTOR improves a single code LLM across four tasks by 9.0-9.5% over the best specialist and 7.5-12.8% over prior multi-task RL baselines via utility-driven data scheduling and adaptive KL regularization.
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SynConfRoute: Syntax-Aware Routing for Efficient Code Completion with Small CodeLLMs
SynConfRoute routes code completions using syntax validation and token confidence, improving pass@1 by up to 31% on hard tasks and reducing accelerator usage by 58% versus always using the largest model.
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Improving LLM Code Generation via Requirement-Aware Curriculum Reinforcement Learning
REC RL improves LLM code generation by automatically assessing and optimizing requirement difficulty with adaptive curriculum sampling, yielding 1.23-5.62% Pass@1 gains over baselines.
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Defective Task Descriptions in LLM-Based Code Generation: Detection and Analysis
SpecValidator detects lexical vagueness, under-specification, and syntax-formatting defects in LLM code-generation prompts with F1 0.804, outperforming GPT-5-mini and Claude Sonnet 4, and shows that under-specification is the most damaging defect type while richer benchmarks are more resilient.
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Leveraging LLMs for Multi-File DSL Code Generation: An Industrial Case Study
Fine-tuning 7B code LLMs on a custom multi-file DSL dataset achieves structural fidelity of 1.00, high exact-match accuracy, and practical utility validated by expert survey and execution checks.
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MEMCoder: Multi-dimensional Evolving Memory for Private-Library-Oriented Code Generation
MEMCoder boosts LLM code generation for private libraries by 16.31% pass@1 via a multi-dimensional evolving memory that distills usage guidelines from execution feedback and combines them with static docs.
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Co-Located Tests, Better AI Code: How Test Syntax Structure Affects Foundation Model Code Generation
Co-locating tests with implementation code yields substantially higher preservation and correctness in foundation-model-generated programs than separated test syntax.
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Program Structure-aware Language Models: Targeted Software Testing beyond Textual Semantics
GLMTest integrates code property graphs and GNNs with LLMs to steer test case generation toward targeted branches, raising branch accuracy from 27.4% to 50.2% on the TestGenEval benchmark.
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On the Effectiveness of Context Compression for Repository-Level Tasks: An Empirical Investigation
Continuous latent-vector compression improves BLEU scores on repository-level code tasks by up to 28.3% at 4x compression while cutting inference latency.
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Verify Before You Fix: Agentic Execution Grounding for Trustworthy Cross-Language Code Analysis
A framework combining universal AST normalization, hybrid graph-LLM embeddings, and strict execution-grounded validation achieves 89-92% intra-language accuracy and 74-80% cross-language F1 while resolving 70% of vulnerabilities at 12% failure rate.
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When LLMs Lag Behind: Knowledge Conflicts from Evolving APIs in Code Generation
LLMs produce executable code only 42.55% of the time under API evolution without full documentation, improving to 66.36% with structured docs and by 11% more with reasoning strategies, yet outdated patterns persist.
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DeepGuard: Secure Code Generation via Multi-Layer Semantic Aggregation
DeepGuard aggregates multi-layer representations in code LLMs to raise the secure-and-correct generation rate by 11.9% on average over baselines like SVEN while preserving correctness and generalizing to new vulnerability types.
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ZeroCoder: Can LLMs Improve Code Generation Without Ground-Truth Supervision?
ZeroCoder co-evolves coder and tester LLMs via self-generated code-test execution feedback to improve code generation up to 21.6% without ground-truth supervision.
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TestDecision: Sequential Test Suite Generation via Greedy Optimization and Reinforcement Learning
By proving test suite coverage is monotone submodular and training LLMs with RL to maximize marginal gains, TestDecision improves branch coverage 38-52% and bug detection up to 95% over base models on ULT and LiveCodeBench.
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From SWE-ZERO to SWE-HERO: Execution-free to Execution-based Fine-tuning for Software Engineering Agents
A two-stage SFT pipeline distills execution-free then execution-based trajectories from a 480B model into smaller Qwen2.5-Coder agents, yielding 62.2% resolution on SWE-bench Verified and 44.1% zero-shot on the multilingual version.
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How Does Chunking Affect Retrieval-Augmented Code Completion? A Controlled Empirical Study
Function-based chunking underperforms other strategies in RAG code completion by 3.57-5.64 points, with context length as the dominant factor.
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PLMGH: What Matters in PLM-GNN Hybrids for Code Classification and Vulnerability Detection
Controlled experiments show PLM-GNN hybrids improve code tasks over GNN-only baselines, with PLM source having larger impact than GNN backbone.
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Dependency-Guided Repository-Level C-to-Rust Translation with Reinforcement Alignment
DepTrans translates entire C repositories to Rust at 60.7% compilation success and 43.5% functional accuracy by combining reinforcement-aligned syntax training with dependency-guided iterative refinement.
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Improving MPI Error Detection and Repair with Large Language Models and Bug References
Augmenting LLMs with bug references, few-shot learning, chain-of-thought, and RAG improves MPI error detection accuracy from 44% to 77% and generalizes across models.
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Carbon-Taxed Transformers: A Green Compression Pipeline for Overgrown Language Models
CTT is a compression pipeline for LLMs that achieves up to 49x memory reduction, 10x faster inference, 81% lower CO2 emissions, and retains 68-98% accuracy on code clone detection, summarization, and generation tasks.
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An Empirical Study on Influence-Based Pretraining Data Selection for Code Large Language Models
Data-influence-score filtering using validation-set loss on downstream coding tasks improves Code-LLM performance, with the most beneficial training data varying significantly across different programming tasks.