SwissGov-RSD is the first naturalistic cross-lingual document-level benchmark with human token-level semantic difference annotations, on which both LLMs and encoders show a large performance gap relative to simpler settings.
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- background Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 8.97 9.08 -0.11 -0.1673 -0.1528 Table 5: Textual complexity metrics and their correlation with frequency. Corr. denotes correlation. We use nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm") for calculation. Bin Range N BLEU(HF) BLEU(LF)∆BLEU(HF-LF) chrF(HF) chrF(LF)∆chrF(HF-LF) Strict Depth Match 144 20.82 16.04 +4.78 48.73 43.86 +4.87 [0%,5%) 144 20.82 16.04 +4.78 48.73 43.86 +4.87 [5%,10%) 6 22.45 14.79 +7.65 49.76 49.19 +0.57 [10%,15%) 71 19.12 15.38 +3.74 46.19 44.71 +1.47 [15%,2
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BEAVER is the first text-to-SQL benchmark from private enterprise data warehouses, revealing SOTA agentic frameworks achieve only 10.8% accuracy on complex real-world queries.
A rule-generation perspective lets LLMs write programs as rules for data mapping and applies complexity theory to estimate their compositionality, tested on string-to-grid tasks.
OCR-Memory encodes agent trajectories as images with visual anchors and retrieves verbatim text via locate-and-transcribe, yielding gains on long-horizon benchmarks under strict context limits.
Cross-cultural survey of 4,641 participants shows LLM emotional support adoption varies widely by country and demographics, with socioeconomic status as strongest predictor of trust and use, and English-speaking nations more accepting than others in Europe.
VLMs reach only 42.1% exact accuracy on counting pushups in videos, with weaker models exploiting modal counts, and 1k-sample fine-tuning transfers gains to MVBench, PerceptionTest, and TVBench.
A controlled formal language task reveals fine-tuning outperforms in-context learning on in-distribution generalization but equals it on out-of-distribution, with ICL showing greater sensitivity to model size and tokenization.
StoryTR is a new benchmark and agentic data pipeline that adds explicit Theory of Mind reasoning chains to train smaller video retrieval models, yielding a 15% relative IoU gain over larger baselines on narrative content.
Language models frequently violate temporal scope stability in multi-turn dialogues by drifting toward present-day assumptions even when they possess the correct facts.
BERAG applies Bayesian ensemble weighting of individual documents via token-by-token posterior updates in retrieval-augmented generation, yielding gains on knowledge-based visual QA tasks.
Subword tokenization impairs phonological knowledge encoding in LMs, but an IPA-based fine-tuning method restores it with minimal impact on other capabilities.
BiasedTales-ML provides a parallel multilingual corpus of LLM-generated children's stories that reveals substantial cross-lingual differences in narrative attributes not captured by English-centric analyses.
Conjunctive prompt attacks split adversarial elements across agents and routing paths in multi-agent LLM systems, evading isolated defenses and succeeding through topology-aware optimization.
VisPCO uses continuous relaxation, straight-through estimators, and budget-aware Pareto-frontier learning to automatically discover optimal visual token pruning configurations that approximate grid-search results across VLMs and benchmarks.
HintPilot synthesizes semantics-preserving compiler hints via retrieval-augmented LLM generation and profiling-guided refinement, delivering up to 6.88x geometric mean speedup over -Ofast on PolyBench and HumanEval-CPP while preserving correctness.
R²A uses a hybrid ensemble surrogate router and suffix optimization to significantly increase black-box LLM router selection of expensive models across query distributions.
ADAPT augments planners with affordance reasoning to raise task success in environments with unspecified and time-varying object affordances, and a LoRA-finetuned VLM backend beats GPT-4o on the new DynAfford benchmark.
Schema-key wording functions as an implicit instruction channel under constrained decoding, with experiments showing that rephrasing only the keys can substantially change accuracy on math benchmarks while prompt, model, structure, and decoding remain unchanged.
SPAGBias reveals that LLMs form nuanced gender associations with specific urban micro-spaces that exceed real-world distributions and produce failures in planning and descriptive tasks.
CAR is a new retrieval objective that targets the currently active authority set rather than most-similar documents, with theorems on coverage conditions and evaluations showing two-stage methods outperform dense retrieval on authority-governed datasets.
Multimodal ICL lags text-only ICL in few-shot settings due to weak cross-modal reasoning alignment and unreliable task mapping transfer, with an inference-stage method proposed to strengthen transfer.
Reinforcement learning with a multi-part reward teaches LLMs to output independent, meaning-preserving sentence edits that raise argument appropriateness close to full rewriting.
Tabular QA LLMs are overconfident, but Multi-Format Agreement using Markdown/HTML/JSON/CSV variants improves AUROC to 0.80 and cuts calibration error by 44-63% at lower cost than sampling.
EgoEsportsQA is a new egocentric video QA benchmark from esports matches that shows state-of-the-art Video-LLMs reach only 71.58% accuracy and struggle more with tactical reasoning than basic perception.
citing papers explorer
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Investigating More Explainable and Partition-Free Compositionality Estimation for LLMs: A Rule-Generation Perspective
A rule-generation perspective lets LLMs write programs as rules for data mapping and applies complexity theory to estimate their compositionality, tested on string-to-grid tasks.
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OCR-Memory: Optical Context Retrieval for Long-Horizon Agent Memory
OCR-Memory encodes agent trajectories as images with visual anchors and retrieves verbatim text via locate-and-transcribe, yielding gains on long-horizon benchmarks under strict context limits.
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From Chatbots to Confidants: A Cross-Cultural Study of LLM Adoption for Emotional Support
Cross-cultural survey of 4,641 participants shows LLM emotional support adoption varies widely by country and demographics, with socioeconomic status as strongest predictor of trust and use, and English-speaking nations more accepting than others in Europe.
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PushupBench: Your VLM is not good at counting pushups
VLMs reach only 42.1% exact accuracy on counting pushups in videos, with weaker models exploiting modal counts, and 1k-sample fine-tuning transfers gains to MVBench, PerceptionTest, and TVBench.
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Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning in Large Language Models: A Formal Language Learning Perspective
A controlled formal language task reveals fine-tuning outperforms in-context learning on in-distribution generalization but equals it on out-of-distribution, with ICL showing greater sensitivity to model size and tokenization.
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StoryTR: Narrative-Centric Video Temporal Retrieval with Theory of Mind Reasoning
StoryTR is a new benchmark and agentic data pipeline that adds explicit Theory of Mind reasoning chains to train smaller video retrieval models, yielding a 15% relative IoU gain over larger baselines on narrative content.
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Evaluating Temporal Consistency in Multi-Turn Language Models
Language models frequently violate temporal scope stability in multi-turn dialogues by drifting toward present-day assumptions even when they possess the correct facts.
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BERAG: Bayesian Ensemble Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering
BERAG applies Bayesian ensemble weighting of individual documents via token-by-token posterior updates in retrieval-augmented generation, yielding gains on knowledge-based visual QA tasks.
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How Tokenization Limits Phonological Knowledge Representation in Language Models and How to Improve Them
Subword tokenization impairs phonological knowledge encoding in LMs, but an IPA-based fine-tuning method restores it with minimal impact on other capabilities.
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BIASEDTALES-ML: A Multilingual Dataset for Analyzing Narrative Attribute Distributions in LLM-Generated Stories
BiasedTales-ML provides a parallel multilingual corpus of LLM-generated children's stories that reveals substantial cross-lingual differences in narrative attributes not captured by English-centric analyses.
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Conjunctive Prompt Attacks in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
Conjunctive prompt attacks split adversarial elements across agents and routing paths in multi-agent LLM systems, evading isolated defenses and succeeding through topology-aware optimization.
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VisPCO: Visual Token Pruning Configuration Optimization via Budget-Aware Pareto-Frontier Learning for Vision-Language Models
VisPCO uses continuous relaxation, straight-through estimators, and budget-aware Pareto-frontier learning to automatically discover optimal visual token pruning configurations that approximate grid-search results across VLMs and benchmarks.
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HintPilot: LLM-based Compiler Hint Synthesis for Code Optimization
HintPilot synthesizes semantics-preserving compiler hints via retrieval-augmented LLM generation and profiling-guided refinement, delivering up to 6.88x geometric mean speedup over -Ofast on PolyBench and HumanEval-CPP while preserving correctness.
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Route to Rome Attack: Directing LLM Routers to Expensive Models via Adversarial Suffix Optimization
R²A uses a hybrid ensemble surrogate router and suffix optimization to significantly increase black-box LLM router selection of expensive models across query distributions.
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ADAPT: Benchmarking Commonsense Planning under Unspecified Affordance Constraints
ADAPT augments planners with affordance reasoning to raise task success in environments with unspecified and time-varying object affordances, and a LoRA-finetuned VLM backend beats GPT-4o on the new DynAfford benchmark.
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Schema Key Wording as an Instruction Channel in Structured Generation under Constrained Decoding
Schema-key wording functions as an implicit instruction channel under constrained decoding, with experiments showing that rephrasing only the keys can substantially change accuracy on math benchmarks while prompt, model, structure, and decoding remain unchanged.
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SPAGBias: Uncovering and Tracing Structured Spatial Gender Bias in Large Language Models
SPAGBias reveals that LLMs form nuanced gender associations with specific urban micro-spaces that exceed real-world distributions and produce failures in planning and descriptive tasks.
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Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge
CAR is a new retrieval objective that targets the currently active authority set rather than most-similar documents, with theorems on coverage conditions and evaluations showing two-stage methods outperform dense retrieval on authority-governed datasets.
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Why Multimodal In-Context Learning Lags Behind? Unveiling the Inner Mechanisms and Bottlenecks
Multimodal ICL lags text-only ICL in few-shot settings due to weak cross-modal reasoning alignment and unreliable task mapping transfer, with an inference-stage method proposed to strengthen transfer.
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Teaching LLMs Human-Like Editing of Inappropriate Argumentation via Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning with a multi-part reward teaches LLMs to output independent, meaning-preserving sentence edits that raise argument appropriateness close to full rewriting.
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Calibrated Confidence Estimation for Tabular Question Answering
Tabular QA LLMs are overconfident, but Multi-Format Agreement using Markdown/HTML/JSON/CSV variants improves AUROC to 0.80 and cuts calibration error by 44-63% at lower cost than sampling.
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EgoEsportsQA: An Egocentric Video Benchmark for Perception and Reasoning in Esports
EgoEsportsQA is a new egocentric video QA benchmark from esports matches that shows state-of-the-art Video-LLMs reach only 71.58% accuracy and struggle more with tactical reasoning than basic perception.
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METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues
METRO induces both short-term actions and long-term planning from expert transcripts into a Strategy Forest, outperforming prior methods by 9-10% on two non-collaborative dialogue benchmarks.
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Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models
Agreeableness in AI personas reliably predicts sycophantic behavior in 9 of 13 tested language models.
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Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs
A framework learns context-sensitive constraints automatically from LLM outputs to enforce perfect adherence during generation without manual specification.
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SPASM: Stable Persona-driven Agent Simulation for Multi-turn Dialogue Generation
SPASM introduces a stability-first framework with Egocentric Context Projection to maintain consistent personas and eliminate echoing in multi-turn LLM agent dialogues.
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SiMing-Bench: Evaluating Procedural Correctness from Continuous Interactions in Clinical Skill Videos
SiMing-Bench shows current MLLMs have weak agreement with physicians on procedural correctness in clinical videos, with intermediate step judgments remaining poor even when overall scores look acceptable.
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TaxPraBen: A Scalable Benchmark for Structured Evaluation of LLMs in Chinese Real-World Tax Practice
TaxPraBen is a new benchmark with 14 datasets and a structured evaluation method for measuring LLM performance on Chinese real-world tax tasks and scenarios.
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Sell More, Play Less: Benchmarking LLM Realistic Selling Skill
SalesLLM provides an automatic evaluation framework for LLM sales dialogues that correlates 0.98 with human experts and shows top models approaching human performance while weaker ones lag.
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GENFIG1: Visual Summaries of Scholarly Work as a Challenge for Vision-Language Models
GENFIG1 is a new benchmark that tests whether vision-language models can create effective Figure 1 visuals capturing the central scientific idea from paper text.
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Debiasing Reward Models via Causally Motivated Inference-Time Intervention
Neuron-level inference-time intervention reduces multiple biases in reward models, enabling 2B and 7B models to match 70B performance on LLM alignment benchmarks without trade-offs.
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Luminol-AIDetect: Fast Zero-shot Machine-Generated Text Detection based on Perplexity under Text Shuffling
Luminol-AIDetect detects machine-generated text zero-shot by extracting perplexity-based features from an input and its shuffled version, using density estimation to exploit greater dispersion in MGT perplexity under shuffling.
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RADD: Retrieval-Augmented Discrete Diffusion for Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Completion
RADD decouples retrieval and reranking in multi-modal KGC via a relation-aware KGE retriever and conditional discrete denoiser, reporting state-of-the-art results on three benchmarks.
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GLIER: Generative Legal Inference and Evidence Ranking for Legal Case Retrieval
GLIER reformulates legal case retrieval as generative inference over latent legal variables like charges and elements, then fuses generative, structural, and lexical signals, outperforming baselines on LeCaRD datasets with strong performance at 10% training data.
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RTCFake: Speech Deepfake Detection in Real-Time Communication
RTCFake is the first large-scale dataset of real-time communication speech deepfakes paired with offline versions, paired with a phoneme-guided consistency learning method that improves cross-platform and noise-robust detection.
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Pref-CTRL: Preference Driven LLM Alignment using Representation Editing
Pref-CTRL trains a multi-objective value function on preferences to guide representation editing for LLM alignment, outperforming RE-Control on benchmarks with better out-of-domain generalization.
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Bridging Reasoning and Action: Hybrid LLM-RL Framework for Efficient Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue
VLK-RL verifies LLM-derived constraints and maps them into structured state representations to improve RL performance on long-horizon cross-domain dialogue tasks.
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Mixture of Heterogeneous Grouped Experts for Language Modeling
MoHGE achieves standard MoE performance with 20% fewer parameters and balanced GPU utilization via grouped heterogeneous experts, two-level routing, and specialized auxiliary losses.
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AutoPyVerifier: Learning Compact Executable Verifiers for Large Language Model Outputs
AutoPyVerifier learns compact sets of executable Python verifiers from labeled LLM outputs via LLM synthesis and DAG search, improving objective prediction by up to 55 F1 points and downstream LLM accuracy by up to 17 points.
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SOLAR-RL: Semi-Online Long-horizon Assignment Reinforcement Learning
SOLAR-RL assigns dense step-level rewards from static trajectory data by detecting first failure points and applying target-aligned shaping to improve long-horizon GUI task completion without full online interactions.
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RouteGuard: Internal-Signal Detection of Skill Poisoning in LLM Agents
RouteGuard uses response-conditioned attention and hidden-state alignment to detect skill poisoning in LLM agents, achieving 0.8834 F1 on Skill-Inject benchmarks and recovering 90.51% of attacks missed by lexical screening.
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Fine-Grained Analysis of Shared Syntactic Mechanisms in Language Models
Language models employ a highly localized shared mechanism for filler-gap dependencies but no unified mechanism for NPI licensing, and activation patching generalizes better than supervised alignment search.
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SPS: Steering Probability Squeezing for Better Exploration in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
SPS interleaves RL and IRL to counteract probability squeezing in LLM reasoning trajectories, improving Pass@k on five benchmarks while identifying an empirical upper bound on multi-sample performance.
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Beyond Text-Dominance: Understanding Modality Preference of Omni-modal Large Language Models
Omni-modal LLMs exhibit visual preference that emerges in mid-to-late layers, enabling hallucination detection without task-specific training.
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No-Worse Context-Aware Decoding: Preventing Neutral Regression in Context-Conditioned Generation
NWCAD uses a two-stream setup with a two-stage gate to prevent accuracy drops on baseline-correct items under non-informative contexts while retaining gains from helpful contexts.
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How Hypocritical Is Your LLM judge? Listener-Speaker Asymmetries in the Pragmatic Competence of Large Language Models
LLMs perform substantially better as pragmatic listeners judging language than as speakers generating it, revealing weak alignment between the two roles.
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CiPO: Counterfactual Unlearning for Large Reasoning Models through Iterative Preference Optimization
CiPO removes undesired knowledge from both intermediate reasoning steps and final answers in large reasoning models by iteratively optimizing preferences toward valid counterfactual traces while keeping overall reasoning performance intact.
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GroupDPO: Memory efficient Group-wise Direct Preference Optimization
GroupDPO decouples group-wise preference optimization during backpropagation to cut peak memory while keeping the same gradients, allowing larger groups and consistent gains over single-pair DPO plus an NLL term on positives.
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Think in Latent Thoughts: A New Paradigm for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation
A new SLT framework uses latent thoughts as a middle reasoning layer and plan-then-ground decoding to improve coherence and faithfulness in gloss-free sign language translation.
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CAMO: An Agentic Framework for Automated Causal Discovery from Micro Behaviors to Macro Emergence in LLM Agent Simulations
CAMO automates causal discovery in LLM agent simulations by converting hypotheses to computable factors, learning minimal causal subgraphs around an emergent target, and using internal counterfactual probing to orient edges.